When studying for the HSK, mastering basic associated constructions in Chinese is essential. These constructions form the foundation of effective communication and are integral to HSK grammar and vocabulary sections. This article will explore some key associated constructions that every HSK student should know.
1. 把 (bǎ) Construction
The 把 construction is commonly used to emphasize the handling or disposal of an object. It's structured as: [ Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Complement ]
Example:
- 他把书放在桌子上。(Tā bǎ shū fàng zài zhuōzi shàng.)
He put the book on the table.
2. 被 (bèi) Construction
The 被 construction is used for passive sentences, highlighting the receiver of an action rather than the doer. It follows the structure: [ Subject + 被 + Doer + Verb + Complement ]
Example:
- 书被他放在桌子上。(Shū bèi tā fàng zài zhuōzi shàng.)
The book was put on the table by him.
3. 是...的 (shì...de) Construction
This construction is used to emphasize the details of a past action, such as the time, place, manner, or purpose. The structure is: [ Subject + 是 + Verb + 的 ]
Example:
- 他是昨天来的。(Tā shì zuótiān lái de.)
He came yesterday.
4. 有 (yǒu) Construction
The 有 construction indicates existence or possession. It can be used to state the presence of something or someone: [ Place + 有 + Object ]
Example:
- 房间里有一本书。(Fángjiān lǐ yǒu yī běn shū.)
There is a book in the room.
5. 把 (bǎ) + Complement Constructions
Understanding various complements in the 把 construction can add more depth to your HSK grammar skills. Here are some common complements:
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Result Complement: Indicates the result of an action. [ Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Result Complement ] Example: 他把门打开了。(Tā bǎ mén dǎkāi le.) He opened the door.
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Directional Complement: Shows the direction of an action. [ Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + Directional Complement ] Example: 他把书拿上楼了。(Tā bǎ shū ná shàng lóu le.) He took the book upstairs.
Conclusion
Understanding these basic associated constructions is vital for excelling in HSK grammar and vocabulary. By mastering these constructions, you'll be well-prepared to tackle the challenges of the HSK exams. Keep practicing, and you'll make a clean sweep of your HSK preparation.
For more tips and resources on HSK preparation, including grammar, vocabulary, listening, and reading, visit hanyuace.com.